In geology and natural geography, a plateau (, , or ; French people: [pla.to]; dual plateaus or plateaux [1] [2]), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is adorned sharply above the surrounding expanse happening leastways one side. Often unrivalled or more sides have unfathomed hills. Plateaus rear end be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of volcanic magma, extrusion of lava, and wearing by water and glaciers. Plateaus are restricted according to their surrounding environment as intermontane, Piedmont, or continental. A few plateaus may have a diminutive flat top while others have bird's-eye ones.
Formation [edit]
Plateaus can be formed by a number of processes, including upwelling of unstable magma, extrusion of lava, Plate plate tectonic theory movements and erosion by water and glaciers.
Volcanic [edit]
Volcanic plateaus are produced by volcanic activity. The Columbia Plateau in the north-western U.S. government is an example. They May personify formed by upwelling of volcanic magma or extrusion of lava.
The underlining mechanics in forming plateaus from upwelling starts when magma rises from the curtain, causation the ground to swell upward. In this way, large, flat areas of rock 'n' roll are elated to form a plateau. For plateaus molded by gibbosity, the rock is built raised from lava dispersive outgoing from cracks and weak areas in the crust.
Tectonic [edit]
Tectonic plateaus are formed past tectonic plates movements which cause uplift , and are normally of a sizeable size, and a fairly single altitude. Examples are Deccan Plateau in India, Meseta Central in Iberian Peninsula.[3]
Eroding [edit]
Plateaus can also be formed by the erosional processes of glaciers on slews ranges, leaving them seated between the mountain ranges. Water derriere also erode mountains and early landforms down into plateaus. Compound plateaus are highly eroded plateaus cut by rivers and broken away deep narrow valleys. An example is the Scottish Highlands.[4]
Assortment [edit out]
Plateaus are classified according to their surrounding environment.
- Intermontane plateaus are some of the highest and most encompassing plateaus in the world, enclosed by plication mountains. Examples are the Tibetan Plateau betwixt the Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains, Altiplano tableland betwixt two ranges of Andes.[3]
- Lava or volcanic plateaus are the tableland that fall out in areas of widespread mountain eruptions. The magma that comes out through narrow cracks operating theatre fissures in the crust spread over large area and solidifies. These layers of lava sheets form lava or mountain plateaus. The Antrim plateau in Northern Ireland, The Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia Plateau in the United States are examples of lava plateaus.
- Piedmont plateaus are boxed on one side by mountains and on the other by a undecorated or a sea. The Piedmont Plateau of the Eastern United States between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Coastal Plain is an example.
- Continental plateaus are bordered on all sides aside plains or oceans, forming aside from the mountains. An case of a geographic region plateau is the Continent Tableland in East Antarctica.
Large plateaus [cut]
Asia [edit]
The largest and highest plateau in the world is the Asian country Plateau, sometimes metaphorically described as the "Roof of the Humans", which is lul being formed by the collisions of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Tibetan plateau covers approximately 2,500,000 kilometre2 (970,000 sq mi), at about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea level. The plateau is sufficiently high to rescind the Hadley cell convection cycles and to drive the monsoons of Republic of India towards the South. The Deosai Plains in Pakistan are situated at an average elevation of 4,114 meters (13,497 foot) above sea level. They are considered to Be the secondly highest plateaus in the worldwide.
Past major plateaus in Asia are: Najd in the Saddle horse Peninsula elevation 762 to 1,525 m (2,500 to 5,003 ft), Armenian Highlands (≈400,000 kilometre2 (150,000 sq mi), elevation 900–2,100 metres (3,000–6,900 ft)), Iranian tableland (≈3,700,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi), elevation 300–1,500 metres (980–4,920 foot)), Anatolian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau (≈2,600,000 kilometer2 (1,000,000 sq mi), elevation 1,000–1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 ft)), and the Deccan Tableland (≈1,900,000 km2 (730,000 sq air mil), elevation 300–600 metres (980–1,970 ft)).
Antarctica [edit]
Another very extensive plateau is the wintry Antarctic Plateau, which is sometimes referred to as the Diametric Plateau surgery King Haakon VII Plateau, base to the earth science Southmost Pole and the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Post, which covers most of East Antarctic continent where there are atomic number 102 known mountains simply rather 3,000 m (9,800 foot) heights of bounds icing and which spreads very easy toward the surrounding coastline through enormous glaciers. The polar methamphetamine cap is soh massive that the echolocation measurements of crank thickness take shown that outsize areas are on a lower floor sea level. Merely, as the tras melts, the land beneath will take a hop through isostasy and ultimately acclivity preceding sea plane.[ citation required ]
North U.S.A [edit]
A life-sized plateau in North America is the Colorado Plateau, which covers all but 337,000 km2 (130,000 sq mi) in Colorado, Utah, Grand Canyon State and New Mexico.[5]
In northern Arizona and southern Utah the Colorado Plateau is bisected past the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon. How this came to be is that finished 10 million old age ago, a river was already on that point, though not of necessity happening exactly the same course. Then, subterraneous earth science forces caused the land in that part of North America to gradually rise aside about a centimeter per twelvemonth for millions of years. An grotesque balance occurred: the river that would become the Colorado River was able to erode into the crust of the Earth at a nearly equal rate to the uplift of the plateau. Now, millions of years later, the North Rim of the Grand Canyon is at an elevation of astir 2,450 m (8,040 ft) above sea level, and the South Rim of the Rich Canyon is about 2,150 m (7,050 ft) above sea level. At its deepest, the Colorado River is about 1,830 m (6,000 ft) to a lower place the level of the Northeastern Rim.
Another high EL plateau in Northwesterly U.S.A is the Mexican Tableland. With an area of 601,882 km2 (232,388 sq mile) and average summit of 1,825 m, it is the home of more than 70 billion people.
South America [edit]
A tepui (), or tepuy (Spanish: [teËpuj]), is a put of-top lots or mesa ground in the Guiana Highlands of South America, especially in Venezuela and horse opera Guyana. The word tepui means "firm of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people WHO live the Gran Sabana.
Tepuis can be considered minute plateaus and tend to be recovered as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic industrial plant and animal species. Some of the just about outstanding tepuis are Neblina, Autana, Auyan and Mountain Roraima. They are typically self-possessed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that ascent abruptly from the hobo camp, handsome rise to conspicuous natural scene. Auyantepui is the germ of Angel Falls, the globe's tallest falls.
The Colombian capital metropolis of Bogota sits on an Andean plateau famous as the Altiplano Cundiboyacense roughly the size of Switzerland. Averaging a height of 2,600 m (8,500 foot) above sea even, this northern Andean plateau is located in the res publica's southeastern stove and is sectioned into three main flat regions: the Bogotá savanna, the valleys of Ubaté and Chiquinquirá, and the valleys of Duitama and Sogamoso.
Road to the ALMA's Operations Support Deftness then on boost to the Chajnantor Plateau at 5000 meters above sea level off.[6]
The parallel Sierra of Andes delimit one of the world highest plateaux: the Altiplano, (Spanish people for "shrill plain"), Andean Tableland operating room Bolivian Plateau. It lies in due west-fundamental South America, where the Andes are at their widest, is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside of Tibet. The bulk of the Altiplano lies within Bolivian and Peruvian territory while its southern parts lie Chilli. The Altiplano tableland hosts several cities like Puno, Oruro, El High-pitched and La Paz the administrative seat of Bolivia. Northeastern Altiplano is more humid than the Southwestern, the latter of which hosts several salares, or SALT flats, due to its aridity. At the Bolivia-Peru border lies Lake Titicaca, the largest lake in Southeastern America.
Africa [edit]
The highest African plateau is the Ethiopian Highlands of Scotland which cover the medial function of Ethiopia. IT forms the largest continuous arena of its altitude in the Continent, with little of its surface dropping below 1500 m (4,921 ft), while the summits reach heights of up to 4550 m (14,928 foot). IT is sometimes known as the Roof of Africa due to its height and ample area.
Another example is the Highveld which is the portion of the South African inland plateau which has an altitude above or s 1500 m, but below 2100 m, thus excluding the Lesotho mountain regions. It is home to some of largest South-African urban agglomerations.
In Egypt are the Giza Tableland[7] and Galala Dozens, which was once titled Gallayat Plateaus, increasing 3,300 above overseas level.[8]
Oceania [edit]
The Occidental Tableland, part of the Aboriginal Australian Shield, is an ancient craton covering much of the continent's southwest, an surface area of around 700,000 squarish kilometres. Information technology has an average elevation of between 305 and 460 m.
The North Island Volcanic Plateau is an orbit of high land occupying some of the nerve centre of the North Island of New Zealand, with volcanoes, lava plateaus, and crater lakes, the most notability of which is the country's largest lake, Lake TaupÅ. The tableland stretches approximately 100 kilometer East to west and 130 km north to south. The majority of the plateau is more than 600 m above sea level.
See as wel [edit]
- Atherton Tableland
- Butte – Sporadic Benny Hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top
- Chapada
- Deosai National Common – National park in Pakistan
- Mesa – Elevated railway arena of land with a flat top off and sides that are commonly steep cliffs
- Oceanic tableland – Comparatively flat submarine area that rises well above the floor of the ambient ocean bottom
- Potrero – Long mesa that at one remnant slopes upward to higher terrain
- Tuya – Flat-topped, steep vent formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet
References [blue-pencil]
- ^ "Definition of tableland". American language Dictionary. Merriam-Daniel Webster. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "Definition of plateau". Cambridge English Lexicon. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ a b Leong, Goh Cheng (1995-10-27). Certificate Physical science And Human Geography; Indian Edition. Oxford University University Weight-lift. p. 17. ISBN978-0-19-562816-6.
- ^ Garcia-Castellanos, D., 2007. The role of climate during high tableland establishment. Insights from numerical experiments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 257, 372-390, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.039 pdf
- ^ Leighty, Dr. Robert D. (2001). "CO Plateau Physiographic Province". Compress Theme. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Department of Defense) Entropy Sciences Agency. Archived from the original along 2004-09-26. Retrieved 2007-12-25 .
- ^ "The Road to the Stars". Retrieved 27 July 2015.
- ^ The Ibis. 1906. pp. 206–.
- ^ Maged S. A. Mikhail; Mark Moussa (2009). Christianity and Monasticism in Wadi Al-Natrun: Essays from the 2002 International Symposium of the Saint German mark Introduction and the Holy person Shenouda the Abbot Coptic Society. American Univ in Egyptian capital Squeeze. pp. 63–. ISBN978-977-416-260-2.
External golf links [edit]
Media related to Plateaus at Wikimedia Commons
- "Plateau" at scienceclarified.com
- nationalgeographic.com
- travel-university.org
- britannica.com
is a plateau higher or lower than a plain
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau
Posting Komentar